However, there is no convenient R or Python implementation that can simply and efficiently compute graph kernels, although R is a popular programming environment in Bioinformatics and Python in Machine Learning. A number of key applications of graph kernels exist such as biological function prediction from graph-based representations of chemical compounds. To date, among the alignment-free approaches, graph kernels have become a popular approach to quantify the similarity between graphs ( Borgwardt and Kriegel, 2005 Costa and Grave, 2010 Gärtner et al., 2003 Kashima et al., 2003 Shervashidze et al., 2009, 2011 Sugiyama and Borgwardt, 2015 Vishwanathan et al., 2010), and are at the heart of many machine learning approaches in computational biology. There are two approaches to graph comparison: alignment-based methods ( Faisal et al., 2015) that compare graphs via finding node mappings and alignment-free methods ( Yaveroğlu et al., 2015) that measure the similarity between graphs using features such as degree distributions or subgraph counts without identifying correspondences between nodes. Finding efficient solutions for measuring the similarity between a pair of graphs, known as the graph comparison problem, is a fundamental step in graph analysis, in order to perform classification or regression on graph data. For example, chemical compounds are modeled as graphs in drug discovery ( Takigawa and Mamitsuka, 2013), and proteins are represented as graphs in protein function prediction ( Dhifli and Nguif, 2015). It's also wise to set aside an emergency fund with several months' worth of expenses in case the unexpected occurs.Graph-structured data are steadily growing and extensively being analyzed in computational biology. We rounded up the best budgeting tips from readers who have shared their budgets with Business Insider.įor example, you'll want to anticipate any major costs in the near future - like if you're planning to have a kid or go back to school. Let's start with making sure that "there's more coming in than going out," which is essentially about adhering to a budget. "It's amazing how many people can't do the simplest of things - like balance a checkbook, fill out a tax form, make sure that there's more coming in than going out, aside reserves for contingencies," writes Miles Fidelman. If you've managed to avoid that feeling (for the most part), because you stick to a weekly or monthly budget, you're definitely on your way to full-fledged adulthood. There are few worse feelings than logging into your bank account and realizing that you have way fewer funds than you thought - and that next month's planned vacation is definitely out. And it's just as fine for you to say 'no.'" It's fine for people to ask - most likely, in their mind, they're trying to help introduce you to a great person or opportunity or meaningful cause. Your time, your health, your virtue, your life.
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There's another Quora thread dedicated to learning how to say "no," where Eva Glasrud writes, "We routinely overestimate the cost of saying 'no.'"Īccording to Glasrud, the best way to muster up the confidence to turn down a request is to recognize that there "are some things you can never have back. "It might sound a cliché, but saying NO when needed can save you lot of time, confusion, guilt, attachment, commitments, stress and other social evils," writes Yogi Raj. Maybe you fear the word "no" because you don't want to let other people down, or because you don't want to come off as rude.īut when you're already swamped and your coworker asks you to take an hour to help him with his project report, "Yes, of course" might not be the best answer. "No" is the first word out of many toddlers' mouths - but some of us don't learn to use it appropriately until we're in our 20s, or later. For example, if your boss points out what she thinks is an error and you're not sure she's correct, you can say, "I hadn't thought of that, and I'm going to look into it right away." Some of it will be valid and some of it invalid, but let your brain decide that, not your ego."ĭepending on what kind of feedback you're receiving, there are different strategies for responding with a cool head. "An amazing skill (which you can learn through practice) is to set aside your emotional response in the moment and focus on the information presented to you. "For most of us, it is hard to hear how we made a mistake or could have done something better," writes Quora user Pedram Keyani. If you've managed to curb that impulse, good job! Because if you haven't, and you're in a performance review with your boss, you just might get fired. Remember when your teacher would comment on your report card, "Dan frequently calls out in class," or "Sally has difficulty sharing with classmates," and you'd read it and have the urge to shout back, "DO NOT"?
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